Dabsonx Dabsonx 03-10-2020 History contestada What was one effect of U.S. participation in World War I on civilians? Jobs became available for women and minorities as men were drafted to serve in the military. Children had to enter the workforce because there was a labor shortage. As the size of the military increased, civilians could not provide sufficient supplies. Food shortages contributed to an increase in vitamin deficiencies and malnutrition.